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China's Surface Fleet in 2025: Will It Challenge U.S. Naval Dominance?

Update Understanding the Growth of China's Surface Fleet in 2025 As the landscape of international naval power shifts, the People’s Liberation Army Navy (PLAN) stands at the forefront, showcasing unprecedented expansion and development in its surface fleet. The year 2025 has marked significant milestones, particularly with the commissioning of the aircraft carrier Fujian, China’s first supercarrier equipped with electromagnetic catapults, which positions it firmly as the second-largest operator of such vessels globally. Catching Up to the U.S. Navy: A Noteworthy Milestone The commissioning of Fujian represents a pivotal moment not just for the PLAN, but for global naval power dynamics. Although China is still beneath the U.S. Navy in terms of carrier numbers, the addition of this cutting-edge vessel signifies a robust trajectory of growth. By December 2025, Fujian had successfully completed shakedown trials, signaling its readiness to bolster China's naval capabilities in the South China Sea and beyond. Innovations in Amphibious Assault Carriers In addition to aircraft carriers, PLAN also has developed large amphibious assault carriers like Sichuan, which began sea trials in late 2025. With a displacement surpassing 40,000 tons, these vessels indicate an operational shift towards versatile, multi-role capabilities. Observers are closely watching whether Sichuan can incorporate Unmanned Combat Aerial Vehicles (UCAVs), reflecting a contemporary trend in naval warfare focusing on drone integration. Strengthening Numbers: Destroyers and Frigates The PLAN’s commitment to bolstering its escort fleet is evident, with the construction of several advanced destroyers, including the Type 055 class, taking place rapidly. These destroyers exhibit enhanced capabilities that allow them to operate effectively in combined arms warfare, ensuring that the PLAN can maintain significant power projection capabilities. A notable increase in Type 052D destroyers has also occurred, with several entering service by the end of the year. What’s on the Horizon for Chinese Naval Strategy? The strategic implications of rapid naval expansion are profound. As China's surface fleet continues to grow, its ability to project power in Asia and beyond presents a challenge to regional stability. Reports indicate that if the current pace continues, China may surpass the U.S. Navy in several aspects of naval strength, particularly in numbers. This could foster increased assertiveness in the South China Sea and heighten tensions with neighboring countries. Lessons in Operational Deployment The PLAN’s operational deployments in 2025 have drawn attention, notably Task Force 107, which circumnavigated Australia and participated in live-fire drills. Such activities signal an intent to assert dominance and test capabilities far from home waters. On the flip side, a collision involving PLAN vessels revealed the complexities and growing pains associated with naval operations under increased pressure. These incidents provide critical learning opportunities for strategy adjustments moving forward. Conclusion: The Future of the PLAN As 2026 approaches, the tactical and strategic landscape surrounding the PLAN's surface fleet will undoubtedly evolve. With a larger and more capable naval force, neighbors and global powers alike will need to reconsider their military strategies. The trajectory of the PLAN suggests not just a burgeoning maritime capability but the potential for reshaping power dynamics across the Asia-Pacific region. Examining these developments is vital, as they will likely play a significant role in contemporary geopolitics.